Bone density testing and understanding your results
A bone density test is a quick and non-invasive scan that measures the strength and density of your bones, typically focusing on key areas like the hip and spine. The most common type of test is called a DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) scan, which provides detailed information about your bone health.
Before recommending a bone density scan, your DOCTOR will assess your individual risk factors for osteoporosis, such as age, family history, lifestyle, and medical conditions. In many cases, Medicare provides rebates for DEXA scans, though eligibility depends on specific criteria and your individual risk profile. Your DOCTOR can guide you on whether you qualify and where to access these services. Bone density scans are available at some hospitals and some imaging centres across Tasmania.
The results of a DEXA scan are usually expressed as a T-score, which compares your bone density to that of a healthy young adult of the same gender:
- A T-score above -1 is considered normal bone density.
- A T-score between -1 and -2.5 indicates low bone density (osteopenia), meaning your bones are weaker than normal but not yet osteoporotic.
- A T-score of -2.5 or lower confirms a diagnosis of osteoporosis, indicating significant bone loss and a higher risk of fractures.
Source: WHO Study Group 1994.
In rural communities where DEXA scans may be less accessible, a portable ultrasound heel sonometer can offer an initial indication of bone density. While not as comprehensive as a DEXA scan, this ultrasound device can help identify individuals who may need further assessment, by providing an indicative bone density result.
If osteoporosis is diagnosed, your Doctor will closely monitor your bone health. Treatment often includes medications aimed at slowing bone loss and reducing the risk of fractures, alongside lifestyle advice to support bone strength. With proper management, the risk of bone breaks can be significantly lowered, helping you maintain mobility and quality of life.
